Saturday, December 12, 2009

Dog Eats Sanitary Pad



"The division of jurisdiction between administrative courts and ordinary courts" .

Article. 103, paragraph 1 of the Constitution stipulates that the State Council and other bodies of judicial administration have jurisdiction over the protection against the legitimate interests of the PA and, in particular matters laid out by law, including rights soggettivi.La constitutional provision in question provides the first criterion of the ordinary division of jurisdiction between the ordinary courts and administrative courts (in the remainder of this paper also called, rispettivamente, g.o. e g.a.)La regola generale del riparto si basa, sostanzialmente, sulla dicotomia interesse legittimo–diritto soggettivo, nonché sul c.d. principio della causa petendi che attribuisce rilevanza alla consistenza della posizione soggettiva azionata dal privato. Ad una prima approssimazione si può affermare che laddove il cittadino agisca per la tutela di un interesse legittimo la giurisdizione sia quella del giudice amministrativo, qualora voglia far valere un diritto soggettivo egli dovrà, invece, adire il tribunale ordinario.In altre parole, dunque, può dirsi che la giurisdizione del g.a. sussista ove si verta in tema di interessi legittimi, mentre si avrà la giurisdizione del g.o. per le controversie aventi ad oggetto diritti soggettivi.In considerazione di quanto appena esposto appare chiaro che per l’applicazione del criterio generale del riparto di giurisdizione è necessario capire come distinguere gli interessi legittimi dai diritti soggettivi. Ebbene, il criterio oggi dominante, sia in dottrina che in giurisprudenza, trae fondamento dal binomio “cattivo uso di potere – carenza di potere”. Si sostiene che il cittadino sia titolare di un interesse legittimo nei casi di “cattivo uso del potere” da parte della Pubblica Amministrazione (come ad esempio nelle ipotesi di incompetenza relativa o di violazione di norme che attengono alle modalità di esercizio del potere), mentre rimanga titolare di un diritto soggettivo nei casi di “carenza of power ", that is when the public authority is acting in the absence of a provision granting the power (so-called shortage in the abstract), we think, but not limited to the absolute lack of power or to overflowing. In addition to the lack of power in the abstract, the doctrine and the Court have identified the assumptions of so-called lack of real power in detectable substance, in cases of lack of the assumptions made in the provision makes the exercise of the power of the PA ( es. enactment of a measure beyond the limits provided by law, the adoption of the measure of expropriation without the prior issue of the decree of public interest). If the lack of power in practice to determine the existence of administrative courts was whether, as is still the question dibattuta.Le definitions and distinctions that have been said until now, essential for the application of the criterion of the division of jurisdiction between the ordinary and go ga lose relevance in respect to matters - identified by the legislature - subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the administrative court, which includes knowledge, in view of engraved end of the first paragraph of Article 103 of the Constitution, both the legitimate interests that the rights soggettivi.La exclusive jurisdiction of GA, which is conceived as an exception to the general rule of apportionment, finds its rationale in the creation of a "instrument" sufficient to solve the issues in advance of an apportionment of jurisdiction in all cases where it is very difficult to distinguish the subjective positions involved, because the legitimate interests and individual rights are closely linked loro.Nel over the years, the subjects devolved to the exclusive jurisdiction of the ga have increased very moderate until, with the Legislative Decree no. 80/1998 (supplemented by Law 205 of 2000), the legislature has devolved "block" to the exclusive jurisdiction of the GA, all litigation public services (art. 33), as well as those relating to the acts, the provision and conduct of the government and subject to the same equivalent in materia urbanistica ed edilizia (art. 34). Con il decreto in parola, dunque, la potestà giudiziale esclusiva del giudice amministrativo veniva notevolmente ampliata, ma non del tutto legittimamente. Tanto è vero che la Corte Costituzionale, con la sentenza 204/2004, ha dichiarato incostituzionali gli artt. 33 e 34 d.lgs. 80/98, in considerazione, sostanzialmente, delle medesime ragioni. La Corte ha ribadito che il legislatore può devolvere alla giurisdizione esclusiva del g.a. solo quelle materie in cui si ravvisi una stretta connessione dei diritti soggettivi con gli interessi legittimi. Affinché una controversia tra privato e P.A., relativa a diritti soggettivi possa essere decisa da un giudice amministrativo è necessaria l’esistenza di un collegamento della lite con il pubblico potere. In altre parole occorre che il diritto soggettivo abbia sopportato una lesione per l’esplicazione di un potere amministrativo, autoritativo ed imperativo; non è sufficiente il generico coinvolgimento di un pubblico interesse nella controversia perché questa possa essere devoluta al giudice amministrativo.Tale criterio, a giudizio della Corte, non era ravvisabile negli artt. 33 e 34 d. lgs 80/98. Il legislatore prevedendo che “tutte le controversie” in materia di pubblici servizi (art. 33) così come ”i comportamenti” della P.A. in materia urbanistica ed edilizia (art. 34) fossero devoluti alla giurisdizione esclusiva del g.a., radicava tale potestà giudiziale objective data on the mere presence of a public interest litigation relating to those matters, without even considering the subjective situations coinvolte.Inoltre, the devolution of subjects "en bloc" in accordance with the provisions under review stood in sharp contrast with the Constitution of 'Article 103, paragraph 1, under which may be distributed only "special" subjects. The technique chosen by the legislature in 1998 (and 2000) transformed, in violation of the Constitution, except in regola.La exclusive jurisdiction of the GA therefore enlarged by decree. 80/98 and Law 205/2000, was substantially redesigned and resized by the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court con la sentenza 204/2004.Con la stessa sentenza, seguita poi dalla 191/2006, la Corte delle leggi ha, inoltre, giudicato esente da censure di incostituzionalità l’art. 7 della l. 205/2000 nella parte in cui attribuiva al giudice amministrativo il potere di disporre il risarcimento del danno ingiusto, anche in forma specifica.Veniva così riconosciuta al privato da un lato, la possibilità di ottenere dal giudice amministrativo che annullava l’atto, il risarcimento del danno cagionato dal un provvedimento illegittimo della P.A., e, dall’altro, la possibilità di ottenere il ristoro dei danni derivanti dalla lesione di un interesse legittimo pretensivo sostanziale (ad esempio l’interesse che può avere il cittadino that the PA originates in a specific measure, namely that it originates within a specified period). With regard to power, and to its limits, the administrative judge to have the rest of the damage caused to private acts of the PA, have occurred recently the United Sections of the Court of Cassation. Starting from three different disputes, respectively for illegitimate exclusion of a candidate for a doctorate (Order No. 13659 June 13, 2006), the unlawful denial of authorization to open a business (13 ord. June 2006, No. 13660) and a procedure for the illegal occupation (ord. June 15, 2006, No. 13911), the Supreme Court has offered a broad and unique accommodation delle questioni tanto inerenti al riparto di giurisdizione tra g.a. e g.o. con riferimento all’azione risarcitoria, quanto alla c.d. pregiudizialità amministrativa.Le Sezioni Unite hanno anzitutto ribadito che la giurisdizione del giudice amministrativo resta delimitata dal collegamento con l’esercizio in concreto del potere amministrativo, secondo le forme tipiche previste dall’ordinamento, ciò sia nelle materie devolute alla giurisdizione esclusiva che nelle altre, respingendo definitivamente così la tesi in base alla quale in presenza di una autonoma azione risarcitoria, successiva all’annullamento dell’atto illegittimo ad opera del g.a., la giurisdizione spetterebbe al g.o., cui compete di regola, la cognizione sulle soggettivo.Inoltre right positions, the Supreme Court, the orders under review, has decreed the end of the so-called preliminary decision of the private amministrativa.In past could not seek compensation for the damage, without first obtaining the annulment of the decision unlawful. Today, the claimant intended to achieve the rest of the damage resulting from the exercise of public power is no longer bound by the act or measure be set aside prejudices. The private sector will therefore undertake an independent action for damages, before the administrative court, even after the lapse of time limits for appeals to the Court of Cassation of the illegittimo.Secondo allow for the compensation of the private, solely on the basis of prior annulment of the illegal-harmful, instead of just finding its legitimacy, would be an unwarranted and unacceptable compression of the protection of citizens against public authorities.

Why Do I Get Pimples On The Scalp Of My Hair

New exoplanets "discovered" the New Moon of October

"Sorry for the delay, but more than 100 years after' invention, also I have discovered the 3-D!

Captain randomly on a 3D section of NASA, I am interested in the subject by doing a little 'to search the web so I
' found that anyone, using simple tools, can 'take pictures 3D, Internet advertising spending a penny, and observe, sena ... excuse me, a Euro.

Among the many methods I have identified the tools you need more 'easy to find / create / use:
-A normal camera, even the phone is fine!
-One software: I chose Callipygian 3D - freeware and easily found on the web, as well as' simple and allows you to use every possible method of filtering.
-A visualization system: a simple eyeglass with "slow" home made with colored markers and colored plastic.

Camera
any will do: just photographing static subjects.
After the first photo, a small step to the right and gets a second shot, trying to frame the most 'can be the same piece of "space".
On the web there are strange things, like support for two machines in parallel, or dual goals (in all prices affordable in all) for SLR brands of suits, both film and digital. But, at least to begin with, do not appear to be necessary.

Software
Callipygian 2.9 and I 'seemed very simple: just open the two photos, and senistra right, select the portion of a photo you want to turn in 3D (also all', just use the mouse), select the type filter you want to use, wearing goggles to make suitable register the two images of the simple moving cursor on the screen, save.

Among the various methods of filtering, I decided to use the green for the left eye and the magenta to the right.
The most 'in use' red left and cyano (50% and 50% green blue) right, but I noticed that the red image is not focused right from our eyes (if I understood and 'for the shorter wavelength to the other two colors).
Instead the problem seems to occur with green + magenta. Maybe 'cause the magenta and' made up of 50% red and 50% blue, in practice to extremes wavelength than the green. Showing


Just create a pair of glasses with a sheet of clear plastic (I used a piece of clear plastic bag for storage) cut into shape more 'convenient and colorful in the right way. With permanent markers
of R, G, B (found in any stationery already 'packaged together) is colored plastic, on both sides of the green, one side red and one blue to magenta.

Council to give the "brushstrokes" parallel long from one end of the crop that has' done, trying not sovvrapporle, and without crossing the leadership on both sides.
then I've stuck with the adhesive nstro, cropping up a couple of accident prevention in occchiali already 'available, and it's' done.

To see the effect well advice to look for second dives pictures, even moving his head keeping his eyes on the same particular, where the 3D effect does not manifest itself quickly.

I think from now on lighthouse 'with this system all pictures of contour to my blog.

Here is a photo taken by balcone di casa.